1. Khi rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng phân từ, điều gì quan trọng nhất cần xem xét?
A. Thì của động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.
B. Chủ ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ.
C. Mối quan hệ chủ động/bị động giữa chủ ngữ và động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.
D. Số lượng từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.
2. Chọn câu sau khi rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ là đúng nhất: ‘The cake which is being baked in the oven smells delicious’.
A. The cake baked in the oven smells delicious.
B. The cake being baked in the oven smells delicious.
C. The cake is baked in the oven smells delicious.
D. The cake in the oven smells delicious.
3. Chọn câu có cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ SAI:
A. The book that is interesting is on the table. -> The interesting book is on the table.
B. The car which was stolen has been found. -> The stolen car has been found.
C. The man who is talking is my friend. -> The talking man is my friend.
D. The girl who I met yesterday is here. -> The girl meeting yesterday is here.
4. Chọn câu có mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn sử dụng ‘having + V3/ed’ đúng:
A. The man having finished his work went home.
B. The man finished his work went home.
C. The man finishing his work went home.
D. The man to finish his work went home.
5. Trong câu ‘The ideas presented in the book are innovative’, dạng đầy đủ của mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn là gì?
A. The ideas which presenting in the book are innovative.
B. The ideas which were presented in the book are innovative.
C. The ideas presented which in the book are innovative.
D. The ideas which are presenting in the book are innovative.
6. Điều kiện nào KHÔNG đúng khi rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ với ‘V-ing’?
A. Động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ phải ở dạng chủ động.
B. Chủ ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ và mệnh đề chính phải giống nhau.
C. Mệnh đề quan hệ phải có ‘be’ + V-ing.
D. Có thể rút gọn khi mệnh đề quan hệ sử dụng các thì hoàn thành tiếp diễn.
7. Chọn câu sau khi rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ là đúng: ‘The student who is always late received a warning’.
A. The always late student received a warning.
B. The student always late received a warning.
C. The being always late student received a warning.
D. The student who always late received a warning.
8. Chọn câu có cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ đúng nhất và tự nhiên nhất (câu phức tạp hơn):
A. The problem which is being discussed is important. -> The problem being discussed is important.
B. The solution which was proposed by him is effective. -> The proposing solution by him is effective.
C. The people who are waiting are getting impatient. -> The waiting people are getting impatient.
D. The task that must be done is difficult. -> The must done task is difficult.
9. Trong câu ‘The song sung by Adele topped the charts’, từ ‘sung’ được gọi là gì trong ngữ pháp rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ?
A. Present participle
B. Past participle
C. Gerund
D. Infinitive
10. Chọn câu có cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ đúng:
A. The picture which painted by my son is beautiful. -> The painting picture by my son is beautiful.
B. The house which is locating near the river is expensive. -> The locating house near the river is expensive.
C. The car which is made in Japan is reliable. -> The car made in Japan is reliable.
D. The song which singing by her is famous. -> The singing song by her is famous.
11. Chọn câu có cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ đúng nhất và tự nhiên nhất:
A. The movie which is directed by Nolan is amazing. -> The directing movie by Nolan is amazing.
B. The book that I am reading is interesting. -> The reading book is interesting.
C. The house which was built in 1900 is historic. -> The house built in 1900 is historic.
D. The car that is running fast is mine. -> The fastly running car is mine.
12. Trong câu ‘The report needing to be completed is due tomorrow’, mệnh đề quan hệ đầy đủ là gì?
A. The report which needs to complete is due tomorrow.
B. The report which needing to be completed is due tomorrow.
C. The report which is needing to be completed is due tomorrow.
D. The report which needs to be completed is due tomorrow.
13. Trong câu ‘The course having been completed, they received certificates’, cấu trúc ‘having been completed’ diễn tả điều gì?
A. Hành động đang diễn ra.
B. Hành động xảy ra trong tương lai.
C. Hành động đã hoàn thành trước một thời điểm.
D. Hành động thường xuyên xảy ra.
14. Trong câu ‘The picture painted by Van Gogh is priceless’, dạng rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ nào đã được sử dụng?
A. V-ing
B. To infinitive
C. Past participle (V3/ed)
D. Noun phrase
15. Trong câu ‘The book which I borrowed from the library is very interesting’, mệnh đề quan hệ ‘which I borrowed from the library’ bổ nghĩa cho từ nào?
A. Library
B. Interesting
C. Book
D. I
16. Trong câu ‘The man standing over there is my boss’, dạng đầy đủ của mệnh đề quan hệ là gì?
A. The man who stands over there is my boss.
B. The man who stood over there is my boss.
C. The man who is standing over there is my boss.
D. The man who was standing over there is my boss.
17. Chọn câu mà mệnh đề quan hệ KHÔNG thể rút gọn:
A. The man who is my father is a doctor.
B. The book which is on the table is mine.
C. The girl who I saw yesterday is my friend.
D. The house that was built last year is very modern.
18. Trong câu ‘The applicant to be interviewed next is John’, mệnh đề quan hệ đầy đủ là gì?
A. The applicant who will interview next is John.
B. The applicant who interviews next is John.
C. The applicant who is to be interviewed next is John.
D. The applicant who was interviewed next is John.
19. Chọn câu mà việc rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ là KHÔNG phù hợp:
A. The book which is on the table is mine. -> The book on the table is mine.
B. The man who is honest will succeed. -> The honest man will succeed.
C. The reason why I’m late is a secret. -> The reason being late is a secret.
D. The picture painted by my father is beautiful. -> The picture painted is beautiful.
20. Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn thành một cụm giới từ (prepositional phrase) trong trường hợp nào?
A. Khi mệnh đề quan hệ có động từ ‘be’ và theo sau là một giới từ.
B. Khi mệnh đề quan hệ có động từ hành động.
C. Khi mệnh đề quan hệ có ‘who’, ‘which’, hoặc ‘that’.
D. Khi mệnh đề quan hệ có ‘having + V3/ed’.
21. Khi nào nên sử dụng ‘having + V3/ed’ để rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ?
A. Khi muốn nhấn mạnh hành động xảy ra sau hành động ở mệnh đề chính.
B. Khi muốn nhấn mạnh hành động xảy ra đồng thời với hành động ở mệnh đề chính.
C. Khi muốn nhấn mạnh hành động xảy ra trước hành động ở mệnh đề chính.
D. Khi muốn diễn tả một thói quen trong quá khứ.
22. Khi nào không nên rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ?
A. Khi mệnh đề quan hệ không quan trọng.
B. Khi việc rút gọn làm câu trở nên khó hiểu.
C. Khi mệnh đề quan hệ quá ngắn.
D. Khi muốn câu văn trang trọng.
23. Khi nào chúng ta có thể rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ sử dụng ‘V-ing’?
A. Khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng bị động.
B. Khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thì quá khứ đơn.
C. Khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng chủ động và cùng chủ ngữ với mệnh đề chính.
D. Khi mệnh đề quan hệ bắt đầu bằng ‘that’.
24. Trong câu ‘The only way to succeed is to work hard’, ‘to succeed’ là dạng rút gọn của mệnh đề quan hệ nào?
A. which we succeed
B. that we succeed
C. in order to succeed
D. that one succeeds
25. Chọn câu có lỗi sai trong việc rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ:
A. The girl singing on the stage is my sister.
B. The letter written yesterday is on the table.
C. The man to help is John.
D. The book who is interesting is mine.
26. Chọn câu có mệnh đề quan hệ được rút gọn đúng:
A. The man who is talking to John is my brother. -> The man talked to John is my brother.
B. The book which was written by Jane is a bestseller. -> The book writing by Jane is a bestseller.
C. The car that is parked outside is mine. -> The car parking outside is mine.
D. The students who study hard will pass the exam. -> The students studying hard will pass the exam.
27. Trong câu ‘The person to call for help is the manager’, dạng rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ nào đã được sử dụng?
A. V-ing
B. Past participle (V3/ed)
C. To infinitive
D. Noun phrase
28. Trong câu ‘The strategy to implement is complex’, mệnh đề quan hệ đầy đủ là gì?
A. The strategy that implements is complex.
B. The strategy that is implementing is complex.
C. The strategy that we will implement is complex.
D. The strategy that is to be implemented is complex.
29. Mục đích chính của việc rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ là gì?
A. Để làm cho câu phức tạp hơn.
B. Để làm cho câu ngắn gọn và dễ hiểu hơn.
C. Để thay đổi ý nghĩa của câu.
D. Để thêm thông tin chi tiết vào câu.
30. Điều gì xảy ra nếu bạn rút gọn một mệnh đề quan hệ không đúng cách?
A. Câu sẽ trở nên dài hơn.
B. Câu sẽ trở nên dễ hiểu hơn.
C. Ý nghĩa của câu có thể bị thay đổi hoặc trở nên mơ hồ.
D. Không có gì xảy ra.
31. In which sentence is the reduced relative clause acting as an adjective?
A. Walking down the street, I saw a friend.
B. The book, covered in dust, was ancient.
C. The broken vase lay on the floor.
D. Having eaten dinner, we went out.
32. Which sentence uses a reduced relative clause to indicate a state or condition?
A. The man wearing a suit looked important.
B. The letter sending yesterday arrived today.
C. The cake to bake is chocolate.
D. The house buying is expensive.
33. Identify the sentence where the reduced relative clause adds unnecessary information and is therefore less effective.
A. The device, malfunctioning, was returned to the store.
B. The malfunctioning device was returned to the store.
C. The car stolen last night was found this morning.
D. The student studying diligently passed the exam.
34. When should you avoid reducing a relative clause?
A. When it adds unnecessary information.
B. When it makes the sentence longer.
C. When it changes the meaning of the sentence.
D. When it is essential to understanding the subject.
35. In which sentence is the reduced relative clause essential to the meaning of the sentence?
A. The car, parked outside, is mine.
B. The car parked outside is mine.
C. The tree, damaged by the storm, fell over.
D. The house, painted white, is beautiful.
36. Which of the following sentences correctly combines two sentences using a reduced relative clause: ‘The report was detailed. It was prepared by the committee.’?
A. The report, being detailed and prepared by the committee.
B. The detailed report preparing by the committee.
C. The detailed report prepared by the committee.
D. The report, which was detailed, prepared by the committee.
37. What is the effect of using reduced relative clauses excessively in writing?
A. It makes the writing more formal.
B. It makes the writing easier to understand.
C. It can make the writing sound monotonous and less engaging.
D. It adds variety to sentence structure.
38. Identify the sentence where the reduced relative clause could be misinterpreted.
A. The book written in French is challenging.
B. Having rained all day, the game was cancelled.
C. The students having completed the project celebrated.
D. Being tired, I went to bed early.
39. Which sentence incorrectly reduces the relative clause?
A. The man wearing a hat is my uncle.
B. The car, being repaired, is not mine.
C. The report, which is interesting, is long.
D. The students having finished the exam left the room.
40. Which of the following sentences uses a reduced relative clause to express the purpose of an object?
A. The tool used for cutting is sharp.
B. The tool using for cutting is sharp.
C. The tool, which is used for cutting, is sharp.
D. The tool is used for cutting is sharp.
41. Which sentence correctly reduces the relative clause ‘that is located on the hill’?
A. The house locating on the hill is old.
B. The house to locate on the hill is old.
C. The house located on the hill is old.
D. The house, which is located on the hill, is old.
42. Which of the following sentences demonstrates the MOST appropriate use of a reduced relative clause to avoid redundancy?
A. The book that is on the table is mine.
B. The book, which is on the table, is mine.
C. The book on the table is mine.
D. The book being on the table is mine.
43. Which of the following sentences demonstrates the correct use of a reduced relative clause?
A. The book, which was written by a famous author, is on the table.
B. The book written by a famous author is on the table.
C. The book that is written by a famous author is on the table.
D. The book, being written by a famous author, is on the table.
44. Which sentence demonstrates the correct reduction of a relative clause using an infinitive?
A. The first man who arrived was late.
B. The first man to arrive was late.
C. The first man arriving was late.
D. The first man, to arrive, was late.
45. What is the BEST way to combine the following two sentences using a reduced relative clause: ‘The report was detailed. It was submitted by the committee.’?
A. The report submitting by the committee was detailed.
B. The report, submitting by the committee, was detailed.
C. The report submitted by the committee was detailed.
D. The submitting report by the committee was detailed.
46. Which of the following is NOT a valid way to reduce a relative clause?
A. Using a present participle.
B. Using a past participle.
C. Using an infinitive.
D. Using a gerund.
47. What is a potential drawback of using reduced relative clauses?
A. They always make sentences longer.
B. They can sometimes create ambiguity if not used carefully.
C. They are grammatically incorrect.
D. They make writing more formal.
48. Which sentence demonstrates the most effective use of a reduced relative clause for conciseness?
A. The movie that was directed by Spielberg was a success.
B. The movie, which was directed by Spielberg, was a success.
C. The movie directed by Spielberg was a success.
D. The movie being directed by Spielberg was a success.
49. Which sentence demonstrates the INCORRECT use of a reduced relative clause, resulting in a dangling modifier?
A. Having finished the exam, the students left the room.
B. Covered in ivy, the house looked beautiful.
C. Walking through the park, the flowers smelled wonderful.
D. Written in haste, the letter contained several errors.
50. In which of the following sentences can the relative clause NOT be reduced?
A. The woman who is talking to John is my sister.
B. The book which is on the table is mine.
C. The man who I saw yesterday is a doctor.
D. The house that was built in 1920 is for sale.
51. Choose the sentence where the reduction of the relative clause is grammatically incorrect.
A. The letter written in haste contained errors.
B. The people waiting for the bus were getting impatient.
C. The building, being tall, was visible from afar.
D. The student whom studying hard passed the test.
52. When reducing a relative clause to a participle phrase, what form should the verb take if the action is ongoing?
A. Past participle (e.g., written).
B. Base form (e.g., write).
C. Present participle (e.g., writing).
D. Infinitive (e.g., to write).
53. Which sentence is improved by using a reduced relative clause?
A. The cake that I baked was delicious.
B. The cake which was on the table disappeared.
C. The cake baking in the oven smells good.
D. The cake, which is a dessert, is sweet.
54. What is the primary reason for using reduced relative clauses in writing?
A. To add more detail to the sentence.
B. To make the sentence more complex and sophisticated.
C. To make the sentence more concise and fluent.
D. To avoid using relative pronouns.
55. Choose the sentence that correctly reduces a relative clause using ‘having + past participle’.
A. The man, having finished his work, went home.
B. The man who has finished his work went home.
C. The man having finish his work went home.
D. The man, who has finished his work, went home.
56. Identify the sentence where the reduced relative clause is misplaced, leading to ambiguity.
A. The book lying on the table belongs to me.
B. Covered in snow, the house looked beautiful.
C. Walking quickly, the bus was nearly missed.
D. Having finished the race, he felt exhausted.
57. What is the most appropriate way to reduce the relative clause in the sentence: ‘The painting that was stolen from the museum was very valuable’?
A. The painting stealing from the museum was very valuable.
B. The painting, stolen from the museum, was very valuable.
C. The stolen painting from the museum was very valuable.
D. The painting stolen from the museum was very valuable.
58. Which sentence correctly uses a reduced relative clause with a present participle?
A. The children, playing in the garden, are happy.
B. The children who are play in the garden are happy.
C. The children playing in the garden are happy.
D. The children which are playing in the garden are happy.
59. In which of the following sentences is the reduced relative clause non-essential and should be set off by commas?
A. The book borrowed from the library is overdue.
B. The car parked illegally was towed.
C. The building, damaged in the fire, was rebuilt.
D. The student failing the exam was disappointed.
60. Which of the following is the MOST concise and grammatically correct way to rewrite the sentence: ‘The instructions that are included in the package are easy to follow.’?
A. The instructions, included in the package, are easy to follow.
B. Including in the package, the instructions are easy to follow.
C. The instructions included in the package are easy to follow.
D. The instructions to include in the package are easy to follow.
61. Điều gì KHÔNG đúng về mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn?
A. Mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn luôn có nghĩa tương đương với mệnh đề đầy đủ ban đầu.
B. Mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn giúp câu ngắn gọn hơn.
C. Mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn có thể dùng V-ing, V3/ed hoặc to V.
D. Không phải mệnh đề quan hệ nào cũng có thể rút gọn.
62. Khi nào không thể rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ?
A. Khi đại từ quan hệ là tân ngữ và có giới từ đi kèm.
B. Khi đại từ quan hệ là chủ ngữ và động từ ở thì hiện tại đơn.
C. Khi đại từ quan hệ là chủ ngữ và động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn.
D. Khi đại từ quan hệ là chủ ngữ và động từ ở thì tương lai đơn.
63. Trong câu ‘He is the first person *who has climbed* this mountain’, mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn như thế nào?
A. He is the first person climbed this mountain.
B. He is the first person climbing this mountain.
C. He is the first person to climb this mountain.
D. He is the first person having climbed this mountain.
64. Chọn câu có cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ SAI:
A. The man living next door is a doctor.
B. The book written by her is a best-seller.
C. The only thing to do is wait.
D. The car who is parked outside is mine.
65. Khi nào chúng ta sử dụng ‘to V’ để rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ?
A. Khi mệnh đề quan hệ diễn tả một hành động đã hoàn thành.
B. Khi mệnh đề quan hệ bổ nghĩa cho các từ như ‘first’, ‘last’, ‘only’, hoặc diễn tả mục đích.
C. Khi mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng bị động.
D. Khi mệnh đề quan hệ bổ nghĩa cho một danh từ số nhiều.
66. Khi nào chúng ta có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định?
A. Khi đại từ quan hệ là chủ ngữ.
B. Khi đại từ quan hệ là tân ngữ và không có giới từ đi kèm.
C. Khi đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho một danh từ chỉ người.
D. Khi đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho một danh từ chỉ vật.
67. Trong câu ‘The letter *which was sent* last week arrived today’, mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn như thế nào?
A. The letter sending last week arrived today.
B. The letter sent last week arrived today.
C. The letter to send last week arrived today.
D. The letter having sent last week arrived today.
68. Trong câu ‘The project *which is to be completed* by next week is crucial’, mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn thành?
A. The project completing by next week is crucial.
B. The project completed by next week is crucial.
C. The project to be completed by next week is crucial.
D. The project being completed by next week is crucial.
69. Mục đích của việc rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ là gì?
A. Làm cho câu phức tạp hơn.
B. Làm cho câu ngắn gọn, rõ ràng và tránh sự rườm rà.
C. Thay đổi ý nghĩa của câu.
D. Làm cho câu khó hiểu hơn.
70. Chọn câu có mệnh đề quan hệ được rút gọn đúng với ‘having + V3/ed’:
A. The thief stealing the money was arrested.
B. The thief having stolen the money was arrested.
C. The thief to steal the money was arrested.
D. The thief stolen the money was arrested.
71. Trong câu ‘The book *lying on the table* is mine’, cụm từ in nghiêng đóng vai trò gì?
A. Một mệnh đề quan hệ đầy đủ.
B. Một trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian.
C. Một cụm danh từ.
D. Một mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn.
72. Chọn câu có mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn đúng:
A. The man to talk to you is my boss.
B. The man talking to you is my boss.
C. The man talked to you is my boss.
D. The man who talk to you is my boss.
73. Chọn câu mà đại từ quan hệ có thể được lược bỏ:
A. The man who is standing there is my father.
B. The book which is on the table is mine.
C. The movie that we saw last night was amazing.
D. The woman to whom I spoke was very helpful.
74. Trong câu ‘The flowers *which are watered* daily bloom beautifully’, mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn như thế nào?
A. The flowers watering daily bloom beautifully.
B. The flowers watered daily bloom beautifully.
C. The flowers to water daily bloom beautifully.
D. The flowers having watered daily bloom beautifully.
75. Chọn câu có mệnh đề quan hệ được rút gọn đúng:
A. The students studying hard will pass the exam.
B. The students studied hard will pass the exam.
C. The students to study hard will pass the exam.
D. The students who study hard will passing the exam.
76. Khi nào nên sử dụng ‘having + V3/ed’ để rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ?
A. Khi hành động trong mệnh đề quan hệ xảy ra sau hành động chính.
B. Khi hành động trong mệnh đề quan hệ xảy ra đồng thời với hành động chính.
C. Khi hành động trong mệnh đề quan hệ xảy ra trước hành động chính và nhấn mạnh tính hoàn thành.
D. Khi hành động trong mệnh đề quan hệ là một thói quen.
77. Khi nào chúng ta có thể rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ sử dụng ‘V-ing’?
A. Khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng bị động.
B. Khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ là một động từ liên kết.
C. Khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở dạng chủ động và diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra.
D. Khi mệnh đề quan hệ bổ nghĩa cho một danh từ chỉ thời gian.
78. Chọn câu có mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn đúng với ‘being + V3/ed’:
A. The house building is very expensive.
B. The house built is very expensive.
C. The house to be building is very expensive.
D. The house being built is very expensive.
79. Trong câu ‘The house *that he lives in* is very old’, mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn không?
A. Có, thành ‘The house living in is very old’.
B. Có, thành ‘The house to live in is very old’.
C. Có, thành ‘The house lived in is very old’.
D. Không, vì có giới từ ‘in’ theo sau đại từ quan hệ.
80. Chọn câu có mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn đúng:
A. The report writing by the team was excellent.
B. The report written by the team was excellent.
C. The report to write by the team was excellent.
D. The report having written by the team was excellent.
81. Trong câu ‘The person *who is responsible* for this mess should clean it up’, mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn như thế nào?
A. The person responsible for this mess should clean it up.
B. The person responsibling for this mess should clean it up.
C. The person to be responsible for this mess should clean it up.
D. The person being responsible for this mess should clean it up.
82. Chọn câu có mệnh đề quan hệ được rút gọn đúng:
A. The girl singing is my sister.
B. The girl sang is my sister.
C. The girl to sing is my sister.
D. The girl who sing is my sister.
83. Trong câu ‘The reason *why he was late* is unknown’, mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn như thế nào?
A. The reason for him being late is unknown.
B. The reason for him to be late is unknown.
C. The reason him being late is unknown.
D. The reason him to be late is unknown.
84. Chọn câu KHÔNG thể rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ:
A. The book which is on the table is mine.
B. The man who is talking to her is my brother.
C. The picture that she is looking at is beautiful.
D. The first person who arrived was John.
85. Trong câu ‘The picture *which was painted* by Van Gogh is priceless’, cách rút gọn nào sau đây là đúng?
A. The picture painting by Van Gogh is priceless.
B. The picture painted by Van Gogh is priceless.
C. The picture to paint by Van Gogh is priceless.
D. The picture having painted by Van Gogh is priceless.
86. Chọn câu có mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn đúng:
A. The problem solving is very difficult.
B. The problem to solve is very difficult.
C. The problem solved is very difficult.
D. The problem which solve is very difficult.
87. Trong câu ‘The song *that is being played* on the radio is my favorite’, mệnh đề quan hệ có thể rút gọn thành:
A. The song playing on the radio is my favorite.
B. The song played on the radio is my favorite.
C. The song to be playing on the radio is my favorite.
D. The song being played on the radio is my favorite.
88. Chọn câu có mệnh đề quan hệ được rút gọn đúng:
A. This is the only way solving the problem.
B. This is the only way to solve the problem.
C. This is the only way solved the problem.
D. This is the only way solve the problem.
89. Trong câu ‘The man *who was injured* in the accident was taken to the hospital’, mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn như thế nào?
A. The man injuring in the accident was taken to the hospital.
B. The man injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.
C. The man to injure in the accident was taken to the hospital.
D. The man having injured in the accident was taken to the hospital.
90. Trong câu ‘The book *that I bought yesterday* is very interesting’, có thể bỏ ‘that’ không?
A. Không, vì ‘that’ là chủ ngữ.
B. Không, vì ‘that’ thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người.
C. Có, vì ‘that’ là tân ngữ và không có giới từ đi kèm.
D. Không, vì đây là mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.
91. Trong câu ‘The report, which was written by the committee, was approved’, mệnh đề quan hệ có thể rút gọn như thế nào?
A. The report, writing by the committee, was approved.
B. The report written by the committee, was approved.
C. The report, which writing by the committee, was approved.
D. Không thể rút gọn.
92. Trong câu ‘The picture that is being displayed is very valuable’, cách rút gọn nào sau đây là đúng?
A. The picture displaying is very valuable.
B. The picture displayed is very valuable.
C. The picture being displayed is very valuable.
D. The picture that displayed is very valuable.
93. Trong câu ‘The song that is being sung by her is very beautiful’, cách rút gọn nào sau đây là đúng?
A. The song being sung by her is very beautiful.
B. The song sung by her is very beautiful.
C. The song that being sung by her is very beautiful.
D. The song is being sung by her is very beautiful.
94. Trong câu ‘The girl who is playing the piano is my sister’, cách rút gọn nào sau đây là đúng nhất?
A. The girl played the piano is my sister.
B. The girl playing the piano is my sister.
C. The girl is playing the piano is my sister.
D. The girl who playing the piano is my sister.
95. Trong câu ‘The students who are taught by Mr. Smith are very intelligent’, mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn thành?
A. The students teaching by Mr. Smith are very intelligent.
B. The students taught by Mr. Smith are very intelligent.
C. The students who teaching by Mr. Smith are very intelligent.
D. Không thể rút gọn.
96. Khi nào thì nên sử dụng ‘having + V3/ed’ để rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ?
A. Khi muốn nhấn mạnh tính tiếp diễn của hành động.
B. Khi muốn nhấn mạnh hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác trong mệnh đề chính.
C. Khi muốn diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra ở hiện tại.
D. Khi muốn diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai.
97. Chọn câu có mệnh đề quan hệ được rút gọn đúng sử dụng ‘having + V3/ed’.
A. The thief having stolen the money ran away.
B. Having stolen the money, the thief ran away.
C. The money, having been stolen, the thief ran away.
D. All are correct.
98. Cho câu ‘The man who is talking to Mary is my brother.’ Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng cách sử dụng phân từ hiện tại, ta được câu nào?
A. The man talked to Mary is my brother.
B. The man talking to Mary is my brother.
C. The man who talking to Mary is my brother.
D. The man is talking to Mary is my brother.
99. Cho câu ‘The picture which she painted is beautiful’. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng cách lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ.
A. The picture painting is beautiful.
B. The picture she painted is beautiful.
C. The picture is painted is beautiful.
D. Không thể rút gọn.
100. Trong câu ‘The students, who had studied hard, passed the exam’, mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn thành?
A. The students, studying hard, passed the exam.
B. The students, having studied hard, passed the exam.
C. The students studying hard passed the exam.
D. Không thể rút gọn.
101. Trong câu ‘The letter which was written in French is difficult to understand’, cách rút gọn nào sau đây là chính xác?
A. The letter writing in French is difficult to understand.
B. The letter written in French is difficult to understand.
C. The letter which writing in French is difficult to understand.
D. The letter was written in French is difficult to understand.
102. Trong trường hợp nào sau đây, mệnh đề quan hệ KHÔNG thể được rút gọn?
A. Khi đại từ quan hệ làm chủ ngữ và động từ theo sau ở dạng chủ động.
B. Khi đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ.
C. Khi đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người và động từ theo sau ở dạng bị động.
D. Khi đại từ quan hệ làm chủ ngữ và theo sau là một động từ đặc biệt như ‘is’, ‘are’, ‘was’, ‘were’ kết hợp với một cụm giới từ.
103. Chọn câu mà mệnh đề quan hệ có thể rút gọn bằng cách bỏ đại từ quan hệ.
A. The man who is talking is my brother.
B. The book which is on the table is mine.
C. The movie that I saw last night was great.
D. The car which was stolen was found.
104. Chọn câu có mệnh đề quan hệ được rút gọn đúng từ câu gốc ‘The book that is on the table belongs to me’.
A. The book being on the table belongs to me.
B. The book on the table belongs to me.
C. The book is on the table belongs to me.
D. The book that on the table belongs to me.
105. Cho câu ‘The book that is lying on the table is mine.’ Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng cách sử dụng cụm giới từ.
A. The book lying on the table is mine.
B. The book on the table is mine.
C. The book that on the table is mine.
D. The book is lying on the table is mine.
106. Cho câu ‘The film, which I watched last night, was excellent’. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ, ta được câu nào?
A. The film, watching last night, was excellent.
B. The film, watched last night, was excellent.
C. The film watched last night was excellent.
D. Không thể rút gọn.
107. Trong câu ‘The book which is on the table is mine’, cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ nào là chính xác nhất?
A. The book being on the table is mine.
B. The book on the table is mine.
C. The book is on the table is mine.
D. The book which on the table is mine.
108. Cho câu ‘The man who is standing there is my father’. Nếu rút gọn bằng cụm phân từ, câu nào sau đây đúng?
A. The man standing there is my father.
B. The man is standing there is my father.
C. The man who standing there is my father.
D. The man stood there is my father.
109. Cho câu ‘The picture which was painted by Picasso is very famous.’ Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng cách sử dụng phân từ quá khứ, ta được câu nào?
A. The picture painted by Picasso is very famous.
B. The picture painting by Picasso is very famous.
C. The picture which painted by Picasso is very famous.
D. The picture was painted by Picasso is very famous.
110. Khi nào thì KHÔNG nên rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ?
A. Khi muốn câu văn ngắn gọn.
B. Khi muốn nhấn mạnh thông tin trong mệnh đề quan hệ.
C. Khi mệnh đề quan hệ không quan trọng.
D. Khi chủ ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ và mệnh đề chính giống nhau.
111. Cho câu ‘The student who had finished his homework went home.’ Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng cách sử dụng ‘having + V3/ed’, ta được câu nào?
A. The student having finished his homework went home.
B. The student finished his homework went home.
C. The student who having finished his homework went home.
D. The student has finished his homework went home.
112. Mục đích chính của việc rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ là gì?
A. Để làm cho câu phức tạp hơn.
B. Để làm cho câu ngắn gọn và dễ hiểu hơn.
C. Để thay đổi ý nghĩa của câu.
D. Để sử dụng nhiều từ vựng hơn.
113. Trong câu ‘The car that I bought last week is very expensive’, mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn thành?
A. The car buying last week is very expensive.
B. The car bought last week is very expensive.
C. The car I bought last week is very expensive.
D. Không thể rút gọn.
114. Cho câu ‘The house which was built in 1990 is being renovated.’ Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng cách sử dụng quá khứ phân từ.
A. The house building in 1990 is being renovated.
B. The house built in 1990 is being renovated.
C. The house which built in 1990 is being renovated.
D. The house was built in 1990 is being renovated.
115. Câu nào sau đây sử dụng ‘having + V3/ed’ để rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ một cách chính xác?
A. The man, having been told the news, he was happy.
B. Having been told the news, the man was happy.
C. The man was happy, having been told the news.
D. All are correct.
116. Trong câu ‘The woman who is wearing a red dress is my mother’, cách rút gọn nào sau đây là chính xác nhất?
A. The woman worn a red dress is my mother.
B. The woman wearing a red dress is my mother.
C. The woman is wearing a red dress is my mother.
D. The woman who wearing a red dress is my mother.
117. Chọn câu mà mệnh đề quan hệ KHÔNG thể rút gọn.
A. The book that I read was interesting.
B. The man who is my father is tall.
C. The car which is blue is mine.
D. The reason why he left is unknown.
118. Trong câu ‘The house, which is located on the hill, is very beautiful’, mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn thành?
A. The house located on the hill is very beautiful.
B. The house, located on the hill, is very beautiful.
C. The house, which located on the hill, is very beautiful.
D. Không thể rút gọn.
119. Trong câu ‘The ideas, which were presented by the speaker, were innovative’, mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn thành?
A. The ideas, presenting by the speaker, were innovative.
B. The ideas, presented by the speaker, were innovative.
C. The ideas presented by the speaker were innovative.
D. Không thể rút gọn.
120. Trong câu ‘The people who are waiting for the bus are getting impatient’, mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn thành?
A. The people waited for the bus are getting impatient.
B. The people waiting for the bus are getting impatient.
C. The people who waited for the bus are getting impatient.
D. The people are waiting for the bus are getting impatient.
121. Trong câu ‘The flowers *that are growing in the garden* are beautiful,’ dạng rút gọn nào là đúng?
A. The flowers growing in the garden are beautiful.
B. The flowers grown in the garden are beautiful.
C. The growing flowers in the garden are beautiful.
D. The flowers to grow in the garden are beautiful.
122. Chọn câu rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ đúng: ‘Anyone *who wants to learn English* must practice regularly.’
A. Anyone wanting to learn English must practice regularly.
B. Anyone wanted to learn English must practice regularly.
C. Anyone to want to learn English must practice regularly.
D. Anyone who wanting to learn English must practice regularly.
123. Trong câu ‘The movie *that I watched last night* was amazing,’ có thể rút gọn thành ‘The movie watched last night was amazing.’ không? Tại sao?
A. Có, vì mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng quá khứ phân từ.
B. Không, vì ‘watched’ cần có trợ động từ ‘was’.
C. Có, vì câu đã đủ nghĩa.
D. Không, vì không thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ trong trường hợp này.
124. Khi nào thì không thể rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ?
A. Khi đại từ quan hệ có giới từ đi kèm.
B. Khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thì hiện tại đơn.
C. Khi mệnh đề quan hệ bổ nghĩa cho một danh từ số nhiều.
D. Khi mệnh đề quan hệ có chức năng xác định (defining relative clause).
125. Chọn câu rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ đúng: ‘The house *in which he lives* is very old.’
A. Không thể rút gọn.
B. The house living in is very old.
C. The house to live in is very old.
D. The house lived in is very old.
126. Chọn câu rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ chính xác: ‘She is the only person *who understood the problem*.’
A. She is the only person to understand the problem.
B. She is the only person understanding the problem.
C. She is the only person understood the problem.
D. She is the only person who understanding the problem.
127. Mục đích chính của việc rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ là gì?
A. Để câu văn ngắn gọn và dễ hiểu hơn.
B. Để làm cho câu văn phức tạp hơn.
C. Để thay đổi ý nghĩa của câu văn.
D. Để tránh sử dụng đại từ quan hệ.
128. Chọn câu rút gọn đúng: ‘The first person *who will arrive* will receive a prize.’
A. The first person to arrive will receive a prize.
B. The first person arriving will receive a prize.
C. The first person arrived will receive a prize.
D. The first person who arriving will receive a prize.
129. Trong câu ‘The man *who is standing over there* is my father,’ cách rút gọn nào sau đây là đúng?
A. The man standing over there is my father.
B. The man who standing over there is my father.
C. The standing man over there is my father.
D. The man to stand over there is my father.
130. Chọn câu có mệnh đề quan hệ được rút gọn đúng: ‘The letter *which was written in French* is difficult to translate.’
A. The letter written in French is difficult to translate.
B. The letter writing in French is difficult to translate.
C. The written letter in French is difficult to translate.
D. The letter to write in French is difficult to translate.
131. Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn khi nào?
A. Khi đại từ quan hệ đóng vai trò chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ và động từ ở dạng chủ động hoặc bị động.
B. Khi đại từ quan hệ đóng vai trò trạng ngữ.
C. Khi đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho một danh từ chỉ thời gian.
D. Khi đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho một danh từ chỉ địa điểm.
132. Trong câu ‘The exercises *which are designed to improve your English* are very effective,’ cách rút gọn nào sau đây là đúng nhất?
A. The exercises designed to improve your English are very effective.
B. The exercises designing to improve your English are very effective.
C. The designed exercises to improve your English are very effective.
D. The exercises to design to improve your English are very effective.
133. Trong câu ‘The song *which is being played on the radio* is my favorite,’ cách rút gọn nào là chính xác nhất?
A. The song being played on the radio is my favorite.
B. The song played on the radio is my favorite.
C. The song playing on the radio is my favorite.
D. The song to be played on the radio is my favorite.
134. Chọn câu có cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ đúng: ‘The man *who is known for his honesty* is respected by everyone.’
A. The man known for his honesty is respected by everyone.
B. The man knowing for his honesty is respected by everyone.
C. The known man for his honesty is respected by everyone.
D. The man to know for his honesty is respected by everyone.
135. Chọn câu có mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn đúng: ‘The applicant *who is applying for the job* is highly qualified.’
A. The applicant applying for the job is highly qualified.
B. The applicant applied for the job is highly qualified.
C. The applying applicant for the job is highly qualified.
D. The applicant to apply for the job is highly qualified.
136. Chọn câu rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ đúng từ câu gốc: ‘The students *who are studying in the library* are very quiet.’
A. The students studying in the library are very quiet.
B. The students who studying in the library are very quiet.
C. The studying students in the library are very quiet.
D. The students to study in the library are very quiet.
137. Chọn câu rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ đúng: ‘The man, *who had finished his work*, went home.’
A. The man, having finished his work, went home.
B. The man, finished his work, went home.
C. The man, to finish his work, went home.
D. The man, finishing his work, went home.
138. Trong câu ‘The car *which is parked outside* is mine,’ dạng rút gọn đúng là gì?
A. The car parked outside is mine.
B. The car parking outside is mine.
C. The parked car outside is mine.
D. The car to park outside is mine.
139. Trong câu ‘The book *which was written by* Hemingway is a classic,’ cụm từ in nghiêng có thể được rút gọn thành gì?
A. writing by
B. written
C. being written
D. to write
140. Chọn câu rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ đúng: ‘He is the first person *who has climbed that mountain*.’
A. He is the first person to climb that mountain.
B. He is the first person climbing that mountain.
C. He is the first person climbed that mountain.
D. He is the first person who climbing that mountain.
141. Khi nào sử dụng cấu trúc ‘having + V3/ed’ để rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ?
A. Khi muốn nhấn mạnh một hành động đã xảy ra trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ.
B. Khi muốn diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra ở hiện tại.
C. Khi muốn diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai.
D. Khi muốn diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên.
142. Chọn câu có mệnh đề quan hệ được rút gọn chính xác: ‘The report *that was submitted yesterday* contained errors.’
A. The report submitted yesterday contained errors.
B. The report submitting yesterday contained errors.
C. The submitted report yesterday contained errors.
D. The report to submit yesterday contained errors.
143. Khi nào nên sử dụng ‘to + V’ để rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ?
A. Khi mệnh đề quan hệ diễn tả mục đích hoặc một hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai.
B. Khi mệnh đề quan hệ diễn tả một hành động đã hoàn thành trong quá khứ.
C. Khi mệnh đề quan hệ diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên.
D. Khi mệnh đề quan hệ diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra ở hiện tại.
144. Trong câu ‘The picture *that she painted* is beautiful,’ cách rút gọn nào sau đây là sai?
A. The picture painting is beautiful.
B. The picture painted is beautiful.
C. Không thể rút gọn.
D. Cả A và C
145. Chọn câu có mệnh đề quan hệ được rút gọn đúng: ‘The ideas *that are presented in the book* are innovative.’
A. The ideas presented in the book are innovative.
B. The ideas presenting in the book are innovative.
C. The presented ideas in the book are innovative.
D. The ideas to present in the book are innovative.
146. Trong câu ‘The report *which had been completed by the team* was submitted,’ cách rút gọn nào là phù hợp nhất?
A. The report having been completed by the team was submitted.
B. The report completed by the team was submitted.
C. The report to be completed by the team was submitted.
D. The report completing by the team was submitted.
147. Chọn câu rút gọn đúng: ‘The only thing *that matters to me* is your happiness.’
A. The only thing to matter to me is your happiness.
B. The only thing mattering to me is your happiness.
C. The only thing mattered to me is your happiness.
D. The only thing that is to matter to me is your happiness.
148. Chọn câu có cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ đúng: ‘The students *who want to participate* should sign up.’
A. The students wanting to participate should sign up.
B. The students wanted to participate should sign up.
C. The students to want to participate should sign up.
D. The students who wanting to participate should sign up.
149. Trong câu ‘The problem *which needs to be solved* is complex,’ cách rút gọn nào là phù hợp nhất?
A. The problem needing to be solved is complex.
B. The problem to be solved is complex.
C. The problem solved is complex.
D. The problem being solved is complex.
150. Trong câu ‘The book, *which I borrowed from the library*, is very interesting,’ có thể rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ không? Tại sao?
A. Không, vì đây là mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (non-defining relative clause).
B. Có, bằng cách dùng V-ing.
C. Có, bằng cách dùng V3/ed.
D. Có, bằng cách dùng ‘to + V’.
